Textile
fibre:
The
materials which consist fibrous structure and length is thousand times higher
than its width/diameter and can be spun into yearn, suitable for weaving or
knitting and easily colored by suitable dye stuff are known as textile fibre.
So a textile fibre have to contain the following characteristics
þ
Fibrous
structure.
þ
Length
is thousand times higher than it's width / diameter.
þ
Spun
able i.e. It has spinning quality.
þ
Sufficient
strength.
þ
Elasticity
and flexibility.
þ
Fineness.
þ
Color.
þ
Dye
ability i.e. affinity to dye, etc.
Textile raw
material:
Raw material
has been defined as “material that has not been subjected to a specific process
of manufacture.” Textile raw materials are materials that can be converted into
yarns and fabrics of any nature or character. Fibre is a raw material used in
textile manufacturing.
All fibres are not Textile Fibres:
A fibre is a
unit of matter whose length us 1000 times longer than its width. All the fibres
cannot be textile fibres because to be textile fibre it should possess some
important qualities. It should have sufficient strength, length, fineness,
elasticity, crimp, friction, power to react with acid and alkalis and power to
protect the effect of biological agents etc. It should be available too.
Cotton, jute
etc. are the textile fibres as they have the above qualities but fibres of
banana tree only fibre and not textile fibres as they do not posses quality
like elasticity, strength, appearance etc. So, we can say that, all fibres are
not textile fibre.
Process sequence of textile:
Staple fibre and filament:
1) Staple fibres are mainly shorter in
length and filaments are continuous in length which can be used as such form or
cut into shorter staple fibre form.
2) Staple fibres are normally related to
natural fibres but filaments are related to man made fibres, though silk is
naturally originated filament.
3) Manufacturer controls natural fibre’s
length vary fibre to fibre, lot to lot but man made fibre length, possible to
cut the filament in any length he wishes.
4) There are two types of Staple fiber.
Such as –
a) Filamentary
fibre: –
2 – 15 cm long fibre e.g. cotton.
b) Technical
fibre: -
30 – 200 cm long fibre. e.g. Jute.
There are two types of filament is –
a)
Monofilament. ® 1 – 5 holes in spinneret.
b) Multi – filament ® For apparel use: 10 - 100 holes.
Natural
fibres are replaced by man-made fibres:
There are two
kinds of fibres available in textile field, man-made fibre and natural fibre.
The Man Made Fibres are replacing the natural one. The reasons for this change
can state below –
We know fibre
quality depends upon its properties like strength, length, fineness,
elasticity, crimp, color, maturity, and action with water – alkali acids etc.
In case of man made fibre, no can give the fibres our required properties as we
want. But in case of natural fibre, it is not possible because it get its
characteristics properties from the nature. For examples, we can get polyester
(MMF) fibre both in staple and filament form but we cannot set cotton(Natural
Fiber) fibre filament form. There are also other points. Such as –
a)
The
strength of MMF is greater than n.f.
b)
The
production of n.f. depends upon natural condition. But the properties of MMF do
not depend on n.f.
c)
Man
made fibre processing is easy than natural fibre.
d)
The
properties of MMF i.e. strength, appearance, action of acids, elasticity etc
can be changed but not in case of n.f.
e)
Man-made
fibre is cheaper than n.f.
f)
Floods,
droughts, natural calamity has no effect on men made fibre.
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